Definition of Perfect Aspect of a Verb

Development Of The Prison System - 3366 Words

Development of the prison system This essay will critique on the factors that lead to the shaping and creation of prisons during the period 1800-1914. I will aim to not only introduce the key factors associated to the shaping and creation of prisons, but also to engage in sociological theorisation and historical analysis. Prison is just one of a number of sanctions available to the courts to deal with those who commit criminal offences. Imprisonment today is the harshest sanction available, but this has not always been the case historically. The most primitive use of imprisonment include prisons dating from the ninth century ; by the thirteenth century a network of county gaols was established . These early prison in existence at the time were vastly small in size and population, containing defendants awaiting trial for punishment for crime. Prisons were owned privately by local lords who made money from selling services to prisoners, as means of profit by charging them for food and accommodation. Prisons were permeable and loosely regulated as a result it was believed that prisons in their own right; were not a consistent method of punishment. Instead, governments imprisoned people who were awaiting trial or punishment whereupon they would receive the more common capital or corporal types o f punishment. The authorities punished most offenders in public in order to discourage people from breaking the law; Prisoners held in these prisons suffered the risk ofShow MoreRelatedPurpose and History Paper783 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Major * * * Prison development dates all the way back to the early Roman times and even then there were forms of punishment for criminals. In today’s society we have come a long way from the Roman times with the way prisons are ran and punishments are enforced. With this development, there are two types of prison systems – Pennsylvania and Auburn. These systems have helped form the prison system today and the impact and involvement of prison labor over time. History of Punishment Read MoreThe Effects Of Punishment And The History Of Prison Development1013 Words   |  5 Pagesof the correction system is necessary to recognize though we are trying to comprehend where the system stands today. The correction system today has appears to came long way from where it was countless years ago. This paper is going to discuss the history of punishment and the history of prison development. It will also discuss the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system and how they compare. The final topic that will be discussed will be the impact and the involvement of prison labor overtime. Read MoreThe Get-Tough Effectiveness Of Juvenile Recidivism. The1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe history and the purpose the juvenile system. We will also examine the history and effectiveness of the Get- tough Law on juvenile recidivism, followed with the overall conclusion of the research. The Juvenile justice system has undergone many changes since its establishment in the 1890s. These changes were implemented by the desire to have a justice system which is sensitive and responsive to the needs of minors.† Moreover, the juvenile justice system focused on the dynamic behavioral and environmentalRead MorePenitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons1292 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Penitentiary Ideal and the American Prisons: Prisons have developed to become famous institutions in the modern society to an extent that its difficult to remember that these institutions have a history of slightly over two centuries. Prisons emerged in Europe first before the United States as a product of the dual transformation that established the basis for contemporary capitalism. The institutions are famous because they are an integral part of the criminal justice system that house condemned and convictedRead MoreCorrections Trends Evaluation Paper1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States reflecting society’s values and ideals throughout the centuries. In the criminal justice system, corrections exist in more than one form. Not only do corrections refer to jails and prison systems but they also pertain to community-based programs, such as probation, parole, halfway houses, and treatment facilities. Past, present, and future trends in regard to the development and operation of institutional and community-based co rrections vary between states but corrections have grownRead MoreCorrections Timeline Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagestimeline This essay is going to show the development with four eras of the correctional system. The four eras that will be discussed with be: 1800, 1960, 1980 and 2000. For each era we will go over the description of the holding or monitoring of the offenders, the treatment and punishment of the offenders and the influences of the particular era on today’s correctional system. The conclusion will discuss the most beneficial era to the correctional system, as well as, recommendations for ways in whichRead MoreStudy Guide/Outline Chapter 11435 Words   |  6 PagesPennsylvania Quakers in the development of the use of prisons in the United States. 6. Specify the operations of the Walnut Street Jail as the first American prison. 7. Compare the Pennsylvania System with the Auburn System of imprisonment. 8. Explain how the Irish Penal System contributed to the development of the Reformatory Era of prison operations in the United States. 9. List the Acts of Congress and describe their impact on the end to the Industrial Era of prison operations. 10.Read MoreAims and Development of the Penal System Within the Uk over the Past 200 Years.1244 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the aims and development of the penal system within the UK over the last 200 years. In this essay I will be looking at the key developments of the British penal system since the early nineteenth century. I will also discuss how the main objectives of the prison system have changed over this period of time. The earliest origins of imprisonment was the use of holding defendants prior to trial and dates back to the 9th century. This early form of incarceration was not designed as a formRead MoreTypes Of Diversion Programs Currently Used821 Words   |  4 Pageswhich requires those offenders to compete certain amount of hours in domestic violence and anger management classes. Additionally, there is a mental health diversion for those who have mental health issues and diverts them from the criminal justice system to appropriate mental health care/treatment. 2. List five purposes of the presentence investigation. Probation officers complete a presentence investigation and submit a presentence report to the court; this report assists judges in making decisionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Angela Y Davis s The Black Panther Party1384 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the mass mobilization of the sixties that radically transformed society, a huge pushback as a response to political liberation was the privatization of prisons which allowed corporations to set motives that increase the prison population, and normalize imprisonment as a way to solve social problems. For Instance, the Black Panther Party was a radical organization that challenged the status quo and a major response to pushback the work they were doing was to criminalize their behavior, in order

Law at the Vanishing Point

Question: Describe about the Law at the vanishing point? Answer: Here the mentioned statement is descriptive in nature as it is mentioned in the referred text book that the business of the Plasma International was going good and smooth as well as it was very much profitable as the organization used to buy the blood at a rate of 15 cents per pint and it was used to put on sell by them to the United State and South America at the rate of $25 per pint. It enabled the company to earn a huge amount of profit by selling bloods; they sold around ten thousand pints at a total price of $25000. The mentioned in the question is impliedly described in the referred context, in this purview, commercialism in blood marketing is not new in United State, there blood used to be sold and purchased. It not only demoralizes the voluntary blood donors but it also affects the medical field of the nation as it takes place in the mind of the donors that others are selling the same what they are donating . In the countries like Britain, New Zealand, Australia, blood are not a commodity which may be put on for sale, the blood banks of those countries are completely depended upon the voluntary blood donors. The mentioned statement is normative in nature as the entire article criticized the commercialism of blood, which is considered an inhuman business that a organization used to buy blood at a very cheap rate and sells them in a very high rate, it causes damage to the medical system of the country and it also deprives the persons who actually need blood for saving their life. Commercialism of blood discourages the volunteer blood donors, as it should not be a business with life of living human beings. The mentioned statement can be considered as a normative nature of statement, as Dr. Arthur has enlighten some points relating to the commercialism of body parts of human beings, it involves great ethical demoralization. Body parts like kidney or blood or any other organ should be provided for the purpose of saving the life of a person, these body organs are not to be considered as a general commodity with a cash value. As a person sale his organ against some amount of money but the organ may not be used for any actual needed person who may be financially not very sound. Organs of the human body must be donated with the free consent of the donor voluntarily with an object of saving the life of any dyeing person, it should not be given for money or any other consideration by way of cash or kind. B. As per the context, in selling of body organs like blood, kidney or any other part, the concept of ethical egoism comes into force, as the concept signifies that the moral agents should do in favor of their interest and the interest of the large (RabateÃÅ' , 2001). Here the person selling their blood and other organs along with the organization that are purchasing such organs by giving a little amount of money and earning a huge amount of money, neither of them are thinking about the interest of the human behavior or the welfare of the human beings (Hills, 2010). The rule of utilitarianism concerns about the rightness or wrongfulness of an action relating to interest of the large. In this regard it can be said that the prescribed rule is not being followed in the business of selling and purchasing human blood along with other body organs (Scarre, 2002). It is ethically shameful for the society that where a person is fighting with death for blood the same is put on for sale for some amount of money which may be utilized for satisfying their addiction (Bykvist, 2009). In this doctrine it is mentioned that rule imposes obligation upon the human beings. It deals with a position from where it can judge the morality of an act. In the business of human organs there is no ethics at all, they all are busy in earning money, and they dont even think that these organs are necessary for saving the life of a human being. Regardless, they are conducting their inhuman way of earning profits (Tichy and McGill, 2003). According to my opinion, the process used in Britain, Australia and New Zealand is much better from the procedure of USA as far as blood collection system is concern. Not only moral perspective but also in a general form, blood is not a commodity that can be produced by any company, it is a natural blessing to us. Blood and other body organs are very essential in saving the life of a person, it should not put into a business for an aim of earning money, which is done in USA, but in other mentioned countries these is not a business, where the blood banks of these countries are mainly depended upon the volunteer donor, they neither have to buy bloods nor have to put them on for sale like a general commodity (Mordini and Green, 2009). From ethical point of view it can be said that business are used to be done with general commodities not with the life of the leaving creatures of the society. Selling and purchasing blood is inhuman activity (White, 2005). Apart from that in USA Plasma International purchasing the bloods by taking advantage of the addicted and poor people, they even provide a minimum considerable portion to them from whom they buying the blood that are going to be sold by them more than 100 times price. Businesses of human organs are unethical but here the Plasma International Company crossed all the levels of ethics as they are not only doing inhuman business but they are also doing it in a inhuman way. It is nothing but taking advantage of the poor and helpless people by infringing their basic right to life (Fichtelberg, 2008). References Bykvist, K. (2009).Utilitarianism. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Fichtelberg, A. (2008).Law at the vanishing point. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Hills, A. (2010).The beloved self. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mordini, E. and Green, M. (2009).Identity, security and democracy. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. RabateÃÅ' , J. (2001).James Joyce and the politics of egoism. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Scarre, G. (2002).Utilitarianism. London: Routledge. Tichy, N. and McGill, A. (2003).The ethical challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. White, M. (2005).From a philosophical point of view. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Regulation And Reform Of Euthanasia Essays - Euthanasia,

Regulation And Reform Of Euthanasia Regulation and Reform of Euthanasia Throughout the twentieth century, major scientific and medical advances have greatly enhanced the life expectancy of the average person. However, there are many instances where doctors can preserve life artificially. In these cases, where the patient suffers from a terminal disease or remains in a persistent vegetative state (PVS), the question becomes whether to prolong their life even though it may consist of pain and suffering. One of the landmark cases that involve euthanasia is that of Karen Ann Quinlan. Quinlan, a twenty-one year old New Jersey resident, overdosed on pills and alcohol in 1975. She was rushed to the hospital where her physical condition gradually deteriorated to a vegetative state. The doctors determined she had no chance of recovery. Karen's parents requested she be removed from the respirator. The hospital denied their request. The Quinlans then directed their request to the court. The superior court denied their request. They took their request to the new Jersey Supreme court where the decision was reversed. Karen was removed from the respirator. To everyone's surprise, Karen began breathing on her own and was transferred to a nursing home, where she remained in a coma, fed through tubes, until she died in July 1985, ten years later (Humphry and Wickett, 108). The Quinlan case brought to the forefront patients' desire to die a proud, quiet death and the complications caused by the advancement of medical technology to prolong life. Individuals should have the right to die with dignity in the event of a terminal illness if he or she wants to. Those who oppose legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide say that this could lead to voluntary killing of the aged and infirm. I agree that there may be danger of abuse of euthanasia; therefore, I support passing legislation that monitors and regulates physician assisted suicide. In order to clarify my position, I will first distinguish between passive and active euthanasia and their implications. In addition, I will examine the legal issues behind the Quinlan case and other similar cases. Finally, I will propose the argument that with proper legislation, physician assisted suicide is often a more favorable alternative to allowing patients to suffer needlessly. O. Ruth Russell defines active or positive euthanasia as a positive merciful act taken deliberately to end futile suffering or a meaningless existence...where death is induced either by direct action to terminate life or by indirect action such as in giving drugs in amounts that will clearly hasten death (19). Active euthanasia is illegal in most states. Passive or negative euthanasia means discontinuing or desisting from the use of extraordinary life-sustaining measures or heroic efforts to prolong life in hopeless cases when such prolongation seems an unwarranted extension of either suffering or unconsciousness (Russell, 20). There are several different views associated with active and passive euthanasia. While some doctors and patients may accept passive euthanasia, many reject active euthanasia. Robert G. Twycross strongly disagrees with the practice of euthanasia, especially active euthanasia in Where There Is Hope, There Is Life: A View From the Hospice. Twycross uses cancer patients as an example and asserts that often patients opt for euthanasia because initially they do not feel the relieves of medication being and their pain is used as a channel of mental anguish (162). Therefore, unable to stand the intolerable pain, patients feel that euthanasia is the best way out. However, Twycross argues that compared with patients and physically fit people, doctors have been noted to express a greater fear of death, more rejection of personnel death and significantly more negative death imagery (159). Twycross' argument adds a whole new dimension to the euthanasia argument. If in fact doctors are reluctant t o accept euthanasia in their practice, they may discourage their patients from opting for it. Several complications arise at this point. Even if euthanasia is legalized, will doctors accept the new treatment and will patients be able to go to any doctor before worrying about whether or not the doctor will accept euthanasia when the time comes? The doctor-patient relationship and the ethical connotations of euthanasia are really important to my argument too. Dr. Malcolm C. Todd, president-elect of the American Medical