Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Essays -- Biology Essays Resear

Analysis of the Spectrum of DepressionDepression has umteen degrees of severity from a passing feeling to a just unhealthiness, which destroys lives and relationships. Major depressive disorder is the most severe form of clinical depression. It is extreme and persistent, rendering the patient disconsolate and helpless (1). Depressed patients often cannot continue working and bring in hindrance dealing with family and friends. Other symptoms of major depression are deep despair, misery, irritability, low self-esteem, unsafe thoughts, change in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inability to concentrate. Other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and alcoholism are also associated with major depression (2). While serious depressive episodes are important to our sense of mental health, chronic depression is terribly widespread and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. dysthymic depression is a disorder which has similar, but milder and a great deal longer lasting, symptoms t o depression (3). By understanding the characteristics of dysthymia, health professionals can identify a chronic mental illness before it manifests into more serious psychological problems, such as severe depression. Dysthymia is also an interesting disorder from the neurobiological perspective because it is often rough to discern from other personality disorders, such as a depressed or gloomy personality. This paper explores depression and dysthymia, their symptoms and therapies. In addition, personalities which are depressed give be analyzed and compared to depression and dysthymia. Do all triple afflictions stem from the same genetic or environmental causes, and mechanistic origins? Are they all antiphonary to the same treatment? This comparison will address the difficulty in dis... ...l and emotional signals can be influenced at several different levels in the brain, by a myriad of chemicals. The sole cause of depression seems to be the simultaneous breakdown of neurochemica l pathways across the nervous systems. It is true that treating depression in all of its forms is much easier today with the advent of new antidepressants, but these drugs are correcting a neurochemical imbalance which is not specific to depression. There may exist and someday be spy a particular mood regulation flaw which is trusty for depression, but given the research presented today, I would say there is not. Sources Cited1) Elliott, Laura. Help for Your Head, Washingtonian, April 1998, p.76 2) http//www.mentalhealth.com/p20-grp.html3) http//www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-md04.html4) http//www.epub.org.br/cm/n03/noticias/freios_i.htm Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Essays -- Biology Essays ResearAnalysis of the Spectrum of DepressionDepression has many degrees of severity from a passing feeling to a serious illness, which destroys lives and relationships. Major depressive disorder is the most severe form of depression. It is extreme and persistent, rende ring the patient inconsolable and helpless (1). Depressed patients often cannot continue working and have difficulty dealing with family and friends. Other symptoms of major depression are deep despair, misery, irritability, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, change in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inability to concentrate. Other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and alcoholism are also associated with major depression (2). While serious depressive episodes are important to our understanding of mental health, chronic depression is terribly widespread and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Dysthymia is a disorder which has similar, but milder and much longer lasting, symptoms to depression (3). By understanding the characteristics of dysthymia, health professionals can identify a chronic mental illness before it manifests into more serious psychological problems, such as severe depression. Dysthymia is also an interesting disorder from the neurobiological perspective becau se it is often difficult to discern from other personality disorders, such as a depressed or gloomy personality. This paper explores depression and dysthymia, their symptoms and therapies. In addition, personalities which are depressed will be analyzed and compared to depression and dysthymia. Do all three afflictions stem from the same genetic or environmental causes, and mechanistic origins? Are they all responsive to the same treatment? This comparison will address the difficulty in dis... ...l and emotional signals can be influenced at several different levels in the brain, by a myriad of chemicals. The sole cause of depression seems to be the simultaneous breakdown of neurochemical pathways across the nervous systems. It is true that treating depression in all of its forms is much easier today with the advent of new antidepressants, but these drugs are correcting a neurochemical imbalance which is not specific to depression. There may exist and someday be discovered a particul ar mood regulation flaw which is responsible for depression, but given the research presented today, I would say there is not. Sources Cited1) Elliott, Laura. Help for Your Head, Washingtonian, April 1998, p.76 2) http//www.mentalhealth.com/p20-grp.html3) http//www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-md04.html4) http//www.epub.org.br/cm/n03/noticias/freios_i.htm

Benjamin Franklin :: Biography Biographies Benjamin Franklin Essays

Benjamin FranklinIn his many careers as a printer, moralist, essaylist, civicleader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, andphilosopher, Benjamin Franklin Became both a spokesmanand a model for the national address of subsequent generationsof Americans. After less than two years of hammeralschooling, Franklin was pressed into his fathers trade. Atthe age of 16, Franklin wrote some pieces in acourant,Silence Dogwood. Though hard up andunknown, Franklin soon found a job as a printer. Aafter ayear he went to England, where he became a masterprinter, sowed some wild oats, amaze Londoners withhis swimming feats, and lived among the famous writers ofLondon. In 17227, Franklin began his career as a civicleader by organizing a club of aspiring tradesmen called theJJunto, which met each week for sermon and planning.Franklin began yet another career when in 1740 heinvented the Pennsylvania fireplace, later called the Franklinstove, which soon heated buildings all over Europe andNorth America. He overly read treaties on electricity and andbegan a series of experiments with his friends inPhiladelphia. Experiments he proposed, first tried in Francein 1752, showed that lightning was in fact a form of electricity. Later that year his famous kite experiment, inwhich he flew a kite with the wire attached to a key duringa thunderstorm. His later achievements included formulatinga theory of heat absorption, measuring Gulf Stream,designing ships, tracking storm paths, and inventing bifocallenses. In 1751, Franklin was elected to the PennsylvaniaAssembly, causing the antecedent of nearly 40 years as apuublic official. At home from 1762 to 1764, Franklintraveled throghout the colonies, reorganizing theAAmerican postal system. He also built aa new house onMarket Street in Philadelphia, now reconstructed and opento visitors, and otherwise provided for his family. FromApril 1775 to October 1776, Franklin served on thePennsylvania Committee of Safety and in the ContinentalCo ngress, submitted articles of confederation for the linkedcolonies, proposed a new constitution for Pennsylvania,and helped draft the Decclaration of Independence.

Sound Essay -- Hearing Papers

SoundIt may be commonplace to point out that acoustic reality and perceptual reality be different. In a buy the farm performance situation, for example, no matter how still the audience, the environment will be full of sounds extraneous to the music. If a tape registrar were positioned somewhere in the thick of such a situation, and if a segment of the resulting tape were submitted to digital sound analysis, the results would highlight the deflection between what one perceive during the performance (what is presumably captured on the tape), and what analysis confirms the tape actually contains. Sound analysis reveals the behavior of sound in the physical world. In this case, analysis would deliver that soundwaves from all the sound sources in the environment -- the various instruments of the performance, perhaps the stirring of the audience, or the sound of vehicles passing beyond the confines of the performance context -- the bulk of acoustic elements that make up each of the se sounds do not remain conveniently grouped by source. Rather, the components of all these sounds mix together, combining into a single, actually complex waveform which is represented on the tape and revealed through analysis. This is because sound waves are additive, like waves in water, multiplying in quality rather than quantity.In the simplest workable terms, what digital analysis uncovers are the acoustic features of the sounds captured by the tape recorder what are actually heard are the perceptual features of the same sounds. The acoustic and perceptual characteristics of sound are not the same, nor in many cases is there a one-to-one correspondence between them.Parameters of SoundIn a very public sense, sounds in a convention environment consist o... ...on provided by either form of presentation is an approximation at best, limited by the resolution capabilities of both(prenominal) the digitizer and the analyzer, as tumefy as by the fineness of detail possible in t he graphic display of the software. It is also important to be buttoned-down in considering which details of the optical representation of a sound sample are salient to the sound as perceived often the picture of a sound will intromit clearly visible elements which are acoustically present in the sound but too short in duration, or too soft in intensity to register perceptually. A useful maxim in this regard is the following If a discrete element is filtered from a sound with no difference to the resulting tonal sensation, then the element is unimportant to the final percept and need not be considered in interpreting the data, no matter how blatantly it appears in analysis. Sound Essay -- Hearing PapersSoundIt may be commonplace to point out that acoustic reality and perceptual reality are different. In a live performance situation, for example, no matter how still the audience, the environment will be full of sounds extraneous to the music. If a tape recorder were positioned somewhere in the midst of such a situation, and if a segment of the resulting tape were submitted to digital sound analysis, the results would highlight the difference between what one heard during the performance (what is presumably captured on the tape), and what analysis confirms the tape actually contains. Sound analysis reveals the behavior of sound in the physical world. In this case, analysis would show that soundwaves from all the sound sources in the environment -- the various instruments of the performance, perhaps the stirring of the audience, or the sound of vehicles passing beyond the confines of the performance context -- the multitude of acoustic elements that make up each of these sounds do not remain conveniently grouped by source. Rather, the components of all these sounds mix together, combining into a single, very complex waveform which is represented on the tape and revealed through analysis. This is because sound waves are additive, like waves in wa ter, multiplying in quality rather than quantity.In the simplest possible terms, what digital analysis uncovers are the acoustic features of the sounds captured by the tape recorder what are actually heard are the perceptual features of the same sounds. The acoustic and perceptual characteristics of sound are not the same, nor in many cases is there a one-to-one correspondence between them.Parameters of SoundIn a very general sense, sounds in a normal environment consist o... ...on provided by either form of presentation is an approximation at best, limited by the resolution capabilities of both the digitizer and the analyzer, as well as by the fineness of detail possible in the graphic display of the software. It is also important to be cautious in considering which details of the visual representation of a sound sample are salient to the sound as perceived often the picture of a sound will include clearly visible elements which are acoustically present in the sound but too short in duration, or too soft in intensity to register perceptually. A useful maxim in this regard is the following If a discrete element is filtered from a sound with no difference to the resulting tonal sensation, then the element is unimportant to the final percept and need not be considered in interpreting the data, no matter how blatantly it appears in analysis.

Subjectivity in Edith Whartons The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirt

Subjectivity in Edith Whartons The House of Mirth Edith Whartons The House of Mirth presents an interesting hear of the social construction of subjectivity. The Victorian society which Whartons characters inhabit is defined by a rigid structure of morals and manners in which ones identity is determined by app arnt conformity with or transgression of social norms. What is conspicuous about this brand of social identification is its decidedly linguistic nature. In this context, behaviors themselves are rendered as text, and the incessant social appraisal in which the characters of the novel participate is a process of deciphering this script of behavior. Peoples actions here are read, as it were, according to the rummy social grammar of this society. The novels treatment of this conception of social reading is brought to the fore through its devaluing of written texts in favor of legible behaviors. The novel signals this pattern from its opening. In the number one s cene we are introduced to Selden, engaged in what we discover is a typical activity for the novels personae, the silent, personal, interrogation of another person. If she had appeared to be catching a train, we are told, he might have inferred that he had come on her in an act of transition between one and another of the country houses which disputed her presence(5emphases mine). Here, Selden, at his first glimpse of Lily, has taken to conjecturing all manner of explanations for her simple presence in the train station. He, like all members of his social niche, does not shy away(p) from judgement until he is more fully appraised of her situation. Even, the slightest air of irresolution gives him license to divert his at... ...bling Structure of Appearances Representation and Authenticity in The House of Mirth and The habitude of the Country. Modern Fiction Studies 43.2 (1997) 349-73. Gerard, Bonnie Lynn. From Tea to Chloral Raising the Dead Lily Bart. Twentieth Centu ry Literature 44.4 (1998) 409-27. Howard, Maureen. On The House of Mirth. Raritan 15 (1996) 23 pp. 28 Oct. 2002 <http//proxy.govst.edu2069/WebZ/FTFETCH>. Howe, Irving. Edith Wharton, a Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1962. Miller, Mandy. Edith Wharton Page. 19 Nov. 2002 <http//www.Kutztown.edu/faculty/Reagan.Wharton.html>. Pizer, Donald. The Naturalism of Edith Whartons The House of Mirth. Twentieth Century Literature 41.2 (1995) 241-8. Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth. (1905) New York Signet,. 1998.

Educational War Zone Essay -- Education, Bullying

On the afternoon of April 9, 2010 I found myself in a meeting with Kerri Evans, the assistant principal of Pleasant Ridge Middle School, and my son Nicholas. I was thither because my son had become a victim of verbal abuse. It was dread to learn that bullying has become such an epidemic in our school system. Nearly 1 in 3 students is involved in bullying (Hertzog, 2010). In a perfect world there would be no bullying. Kids wouldnt get shoved into lockers, and they wouldnt be beat up in the hallway. Students wouldnt parley about another student behind their back because of their shape, size, race, or religion. In a perfect world this wouldnt happen, but at that moment in our imperfect world it was happening to my son. The question is, why does it happen and what can we do to stop it? According to a 2009 federal survey of school annoyance and safety, 32 percent of middle and high school students said theyd been victimized during the academic year, comp ard with 14 percent in 2001 (Ty re, 2010). Bullying was making its way into my home(a) and affecting my life. It was then that I realized that bullying was a problem that needed to stop. Bullying in schools is escalating and becoming a bigger and bigger issue, and we moldiness take action to eliminate it.According to Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series Bullying in Schools bullying has two key components repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of mightiness (Sampson, 2002). Although bullying occurs in many other places, school is where bullying is most prevalent and most concerning. In schools, physical bullying is more common among boys. This is because boys are much more aggressive than girls. However, verbal bullying such as gossip is much more common among girls. Physical bullying... ...n reaction that Rachel wrote about.(www.rachelschallenge.org)Bullying is a repeated harmful act that continues to affect millions of students every year. at that place is no stereotypical person that is a target for bu llying anyone can be its victim. There may not always be any signs of physical harm during these attacks, but our children always suffer emotional harm. Educating students, teachers and parents seems to be the only valid resolve to this problem. There are many organizations that can educate the schools on this subject but for it to work battalion must care. Maybe one day, when enough people realize that this problem will not go away with out their help, we can eliminate bullying from our schools. In a perfect world there would be no bullying, but if you could ask Rachel Scott she would tell you we do not live in a perfect world, only a hopeful one.

Educational War Zone Essay -- Education, Bullying

On the afternoon of April 9, 2010 I found myself in a meeting with Kerri Evans, the assistant principal of Pleasant Ridge Middle School, and my son Nicholas. I was at that place because my son had become a victim of verbal abuse. It was black to learn that bullying has become such an epidemic in our school system. Nearly 1 in 3 students is involved in bullying (Hertzog, 2010). In a perfect world there would be no bullying. Kids wouldnt get shoved into lockers, and they wouldnt be beat up in the hallway. Students wouldnt clack about another student behind their back because of their shape, size, race, or religion. In a perfect world this wouldnt happen, but at that moment in our imperfect world it was happening to my son. The question is, why does it happen and what can we do to stop it? According to a 2009 federal survey of school offensive and safety, 32 percent of middle and high school students said theyd been victimized during the academic year, comp atomic number 18d with 14 percent in 2001 (Tyre, 2010). Bullying was making its way into my situation and affecting my life. It was then that I realized that bullying was a problem that needed to stop. Bullying in schools is escalating and becoming a bigger and bigger issue, and we moldiness take action to eliminate it.According to Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series Bullying in Schools bullying has two key components repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of violence (Sampson, 2002). Although bullying occurs in many other places, school is where bullying is most prevalent and most concerning. In schools, physical bullying is more common among boys. This is because boys are much more aggressive than girls. However, verbal bullying such as gossip is much more common among girls. Physical bullying... ...n reaction that Rachel wrote about.(www.rachelschallenge.org)Bullying is a repeated harmful act that continues to affect millions of students every year. there is no stereotypical person that is a t arget for bullying anyone can be its victim. There may not always be any signs of physical harm during these attacks, but our children always suffer emotional harm. Educating students, teachers and parents seems to be the only valid radical to this problem. There are many organizations that can educate the schools on this subject but for it to work population must care. Maybe one day, when enough people realize that this problem will not go away with out their help, we can eliminate bullying from our schools. In a perfect world there would be no bullying, but if you could ask Rachel Scott she would tell you we do not live in a perfect world, only a hopeful one.

Truth in Advertising

Consumers need to be protected from misguided advertising new(prenominal) questionable trade tacticss. Advertisements atomic number 18 Information provided by a seller or manufacturer. These advertisements passel be in the form of ads on the television, radio, internet, newspapers, and magazines. It post also come in the form of information from a sales person as they attempt to sell a consumer a crossroad. Advertisements mainly are truthful in nature. even so they can be false and lead astray. It is these false or misleading ads that cause ethical questions to be raised in regards to selling.False advertisement is untrue or misleading information that is presented by a seller in order to entice the consumer to buy their ware. Each state has its own set of consumer protection laws that protect consumers against cheating(prenominal) competition and deceptive advertising practices. These laws apply to print, radio, or television ads that are seen in that state. Some comm on state laws include protection against various types of false advertising. matchless area that is non highly regulated in regards to truth in advertising is the net income.Because the Internet spans all boundaries the coal advertising laws are knockout to apply to ads that are posed or seen online. There are several(prenominal) types of false advertising practices that are commonly used. One of these is known as the gravel and switch technique. The bait and switch occurs when a company advertises a product but has every intention of selling you a product that Is deferent than the integrity advertised. The bait tactic is an enticing ad that makes the product seem appealing and lures the consumer into the store.Once the consumer Is on site, the seller makes every attempt to upsets a varied more valuable reduce by discrediting the quality or value of the original product. Another method of false advertisement involves the amount of product that Is kept In melodic phrase by a store. Stores are required to have enough of an advertised Item In stock to meet a reasonable customer charter unless the ad states that quantities are ricocheted. This keeps stores from using a small quantity of a good to lure customers Into the store. Store limits are another tactic that can be used by sellers to misrepresent advertisements.Store limits are only valid If the Limit Is clearly defined In the ad. It Is unethical and unlawful to Impose a non-advertised Limit once the consumer Is In the store. Pictures are a common addition to advertisements. Companies are often an advertisement must provide a reasonable representation of the product if a picture is used in the advertisement. Advertisements must be truthful in other areas as well. If a company is selling an item that is refurbished it cannot be sold as a new item. Companies cannot arbitrarily advertise an item as being on sale.Any item that is listed as being on sale must have been sold at a higher price at some t ime during the previous three months. Another area that can be tempting to advertising departments is related to environmentally friendly products. Because of the environmental movement that is underway many products are marked as environmentally friendly, green, or biodegradable. Ethically and in some areas legally, companies are required to provide environmental information on the product when it is requested for all products that are marketed as being green, environmentally friendly, or biodegradable.Stretching the truth in marketing is a common tactic and some marketers believe that it is within their rights to stretch the truth. These marketers sometimes cite the theme of utilitarianism in marketing. This view states that they are making ethical choices that provide the colossalest amount of good to the greatest number of people at the expense of other people (Chillier). Some marketers believe that stretching the truth is an ethically sound decision if the falsification help s consumers. Ethically, utilitarianism is a bad approach to advertising regardless of the results that are achieved (Chillier).A company should instead focus on the strength of their product or services in order to generate sales. Negative marketing is another tactic that is seed to stretch the ethical boundaries in marketing. Negative marketing is used in all types of advertisements including political ads. In the midst off highly publicised election, many of the advertisements that have been issued by the political parties are negative in nature. Many of the people on the receiving end do not agree with the idea of negative marketing.People would rather see ads that are focused on the positive aspects of a product or a person rather than ads that attack or shed negative light on a product. However, negative ads are effective at changing the opinion off nonuser and because of this effectiveness they will celebrate to be used despite the ethical objectives. There are rules that ap ply to marketing and ethics. These rules establish guidelines to help guide marketing decisions to be ethically sound. One of these rules is the idea of universal ethics. Universal ethics are actions and choices that are make based purely on a moral idea.These universal principles are generally believed to apply to all people at all times in all situations (Chillier). The challenge for marketing departments is that they need to find a way to ethically market their reduce in order to sell more products to consumers without compromising the integrity of the product or coercing customers to purchase a product that they do not need. There is a code of ethics that exists for marketing that has been created by the American Marketing Association. This code of ethics has been created to promote honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect, and openness in areas of marketing.There are several guidelines that can be followed to help ensure ethical decisions are made while marketing a product. O ne of those guidelines is to simply have a great product. A great product will go many things to sell itself. A product that can be sold based on the splendor of the product and the advertising does not have to embellish the product to make it look more appealing. Another guideline to ethical marketing is to use the Internet to market the product. Using the internet will allow the product to gain more recognition quickly because of mass reach.Gaining high visibility for a product will help keep the marketers honest and bound to follow the ethical code. Studying marketing results will also help to follow ethical guidelines. These results can help a marketer understand what types of ads are best representing and selling the product. This analysis can allow pinpoint marketing to take place and impregnable marketing decisions can be based on the past results. It is also important for the marketers to study the competition. Understanding how the competition products are marketed can he lp send out the focus of the marketing program.These guidelines can be used to help make good solid marketing decisions that are ethical and successful. Unethical decisions are made in marketing that are not related to truthfulness or product representation. There are also decisions that are made by companies relating to the different types of consumers that they are erecting their marketing towards. Marketing toward children is a tactic that is growing in popularity in marketing circles. McDonalds and other fast food companies have change magnitude marketing campaigns that are directed towards children.Fifteen billion dollars is spent marketing towards children every year and twenty-five percent of that comes from fast food companies. McDonalds has even created a signalize version of the Happy Meal called the Mighty Kids Meal that includes larger sized portions. The creation of this larger meal that is marketed towards children with larger appetites is unethical on two levels. The meal is targeted towards a rowing obese child population. It is also part of the campaign that is geared toward children as a tool to manipulate parents to spend more money. This marketing style is a marketing grey area.Marketing in a grey area can have undesired consequences. One of these consequences is a lack of combining in the product and the company. As companies operate repeatedly in this grey area, they run the risk of losing customers because of issues related to trust. Handy is an example of a company that is base on balls this line of pattern misrepresentation. Handy was discovered in 2001 of overstating the horsepower achieved by some of heir models. Korea discovered that Handy was misrepresenting the horsepower in several of their cars by as much as 9. 6 percent according to Grabbiest. Mom. Uncovering this false advertising claim led to a class action instance against Handy because they were able to sell their cars for a higher price based on the false horsepower claims. Recently Handy has been caught misrepresenting the facts related to some of their cars once again. According to the Wall Street Journal, The Environmental Protection Agency discovered that Handy has overstated the gas mileage on several models by as much five miles per gallon since 2010. This misrepresentation has caused many to begin to lose faith in Handy as a brand.Their unethical choices in marketing have started to affect the Handy brand and the trust that people have in the brand. Marketing and ethics are two topics that are closely intertwined. Because of the punish that can be gained by companies due to their marketing strategies, there is not ethically sound. Marketing departments wield power over consumer markets and should be bound by ethical principles in order to keep the best interests of the consumers in mind instead of the focusing on profits at the expense of the consumer.

Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

Introduction From the beginning of the 1988 a action lasts between the South Caucasian nations of Azerbaijan and Armenia over the ownership area of Nagorno-Karabakh. The conflict has resulted in a considerable crisis especially in Azerbaijan, with the number of dislocated refugees close to approximately one million. As a result of the war over the NK part with Armenia, Azerbaijan has lost the entire NK region and 7 more surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Gabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zangilan to Armenia. So Azerbaijans territories are occupied and lost fourteen percent of the territory.The conflict is considered as an internal conflict by the major powers and international organizations. As known, from the beginning of 1988 the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh had an intra-state dimension which means the struggle for independence of Nagorno-Karabakh where are populate Armenian population. But since the beginning of 1922 the conflict possesses an inter-state dimension between two sovereign states Azerbaijan and Armenia. So the conflict has arrive one of the most intractable disputes in the international arena and it is also the conflict of the region which has the largest geo semi semipolitical signifi back toothce.So Azerbaijan and Armenia, as the two former Soviet Republics fought over the NK region from 1987 to 1994 in the forms of scratch communal clashes. Despite the fact that some(prenominal) states agreed on a cease-fire on the conflict in May 1994, the outcomes of the war are political turmoil, territorial losses and mass displacements. Though two sides recognised and ceased-fire armed force, merely nevertheless conflict or confrontations existing in the form of diplomatical relations and by other ties relations. Problem and Significance The problem of this conflict lies under the disagreement of belligerents Armenia and Azerbaijan.Especially, on the side of Armenian which occupied over the enclave discharge and doesnt want recognize either resolution are contested and suggested by organizations. Here, one of the problems is influence of external powers which can support its side and do financial and military aid. Also here another problem is the refugees problem from both sides to the conflict and their integration into society. To this day, discussion of the problem of refugees has focused exclusively on Azeris from Karabakh or Armenia, with no serious mention of Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan.A comprehensive and fair solution to the refugee problem, consistent with the most basic international human businesss standards, will treat all individuals that qualify as refugees independent of their national identity or current location of residence. But in case of significance, the main discern is the security issue which is so fragile. Because Caucasus states are located nearby Europe, Central Asia, Russia and Islamic states in which there are sufficient problems. It is so fragile because the conflict can e ffect to the neighbor states.This long-lasting problem must be provided by international organizations which peace-making process is going now and for future keeping safeness or security to the neighbors and for their sovereignty status. And this status must be resolve or guaranteed. Literature Review. The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) region of Azerbaijan, which in its modern form has go along for 20 years, is a complicated case study of multi-vector and multi-layered claims, mostly from the Soviet times, ranging from history, economy, and legal status, used to justify the military occupation (along with seven adjacent regions).The phrase illustrates that roughly of the weaker claims were dropped altogether, whilst others were continually mixed with additional charges to make them stick. Despite solid legal, historic and moral grounds, Azerbaijan has been lagging in clarifying and explaining the fictitious charges of NKs supposed transfer to Azerbaij ans suzerainty in 1920s, the legal status of NK itself, its economic and financial well-being, and the impossibility to apply the 3 April 1990 Soviet Law on date to the NK case whether for the purposes of justifying its independence or attachment to Armenia.Despite all the challenges and blame shared by all sides, NK and adjacent currently occupied territories are recognized as part of Azerbaijan, with the latter retaining all rights, including military, to return it under its full sovereignty. So, there are many scholars that wrote articles about Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. I want to mention some famous scholars articles. Philip Gamaghelyan wrote article about Intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict A myth or a reality?He provides a stakeholder analysis and examines political, economic, security and socio-cultural kinetics of the conflict. Distinguishing between the positions and the interests of the main actors, the paper evaluates the peace process, reveals the factors a ccounting for its continuing failure and develops recommendations on how the conflict can be resolved. This article is intended to call in question the myth of the intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.Philip Gamaghelyan The intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is not attributable to the lack of vitality of a particular solution. He also argues that any agreement that establishes a definite solution would require some concessions would dissatisfy one or both parties and would produce powerful spoilers that could sabotage the peace process. indeed it is necessary not to look for a fast solution, but to develop a long-term strategy of addressing primal issues of the conflict such as rough-cut perceptions, security issues and democracy.In our opinion, the intractability of the conflict in this article largely originates from the desire of parties to have a sense of the final status of the region, before addressing the underlying problems. I suggest that if this approach is reversed, all other issues are resolved, and an acceptable level of stability and cooperation in the region is achieved, the final status of Nagorno-Karabakh will become less significant, which will make it easier for parties to come to a compromise. Next article democratisation as the key to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution was compose by Tigran Mkrtchyan.Tigran Mkrtchyan theoretically the risks of war or re-emergence of war are reduced by democratisation and exacerbated by reversals in the democratization process, but rapid democratization which was the case by and by the collapse of the Soviet Union may bring weak regimes unable to establish effective control and political order He mention these questions in his article What can democratization give? Can it reach the peace? . And also he mention Political change or democratization can take many different forms and need not proceed in a unidirectional or linear fashion.The significance is that there be fast mo vement towards democracy in a given state. Changes toward autocracy and reversals of democratization are accompanied by increased risks of war involvement. Reversals are riskier than progress. At issue therefore is not the rapidity of change toward democracy but the linearity of the process. Also the elections are indeed the first test of democratization, but by fair and transparent elections only one does not build a democratic society.So the dangerous democratization hypothesis has suggested that emergent democracies may be quite prone to international violence, largely because of deformed institutional forces. The conflict is an obstacle to democratization, the solution of the war in the long run also rests with democratization. Democratization or mature democracies do not wage wars against each other. The democratization tendencies in the Soviet Union made many ethnic-nationalist conflicts within its space because the democratization was incomplete and political institutions wea k.So, he think in order to have complete democratization they need to consolidate their internal institutions and elect or make out a good leader. Last article that I want to mention is Nagorno-Karabakh basis and reality of Soviet-era legal and economic claims used to justify the Armenia-Azerbaijan war written by Adil Baguirov. In his article he maintain that regarding the early claims that the economy of NK region was supposedly deliberately neglected by Soviet Azerbaijani authorities, to both punish and root out Armenians, and this, allegedly, left no choice than for Armenian separatism and military action.Ironically, this argument did not stand the test of time and has been disproved by the fact, that the economic situation of the remaining Armenians in the occupied territories today is hardly better than it was before the war. This is not only the consensus of foreign journalists visiting the occupied territories, but also of the OSCE fact-finding mission in February 2005 he a rgues such like this in his article. Hypothesis. Russians support to Armenia led to occupation 20% of territories of Azerbaijan.thusly we understand that Russia totally support Armenian Governments and it is a one of the cause unresolved long lasting conflict. Russia behind of this conflict as known manifestly wants to keep influence to Caucasus states especially to Armenia, despite of other major powers in international arena. Subjects of study. In our work we are studying Russian role in the conflict and its support for Armenia, consequences of the war, possible ways of resolving. To find out the ways of resolving and to determine the right side we also use UN Charter and planetary Law.Exactly we will look at the International Laws branches sovereignty of the state, self-defense right and self-determination right. Measurement. As Russian support we mean military, economic and political support of Russia to Armenia and its pressure for the Azerbaijan government. Another term i s Self-determination right means right for determining of their future, political system, sovereignty and etc by groups, nations, and autonomies. Self-defense right the right for declaring a war for the other state in situation when it attacked first or preparing to attack.References Philip Gamaghelyan Intractability of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict a myth or reality? Shahen Avakian Nagono-Karabakh, sanctioned Aspects. www. flashpoints. info Nagorno-Karabakh Azebaijani and Armenian perspectives. Tigran Mkrtchyan Democratization as the key to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution www. wikipedia. org Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Nora Dudwick, Armenia Paradise Regained or Lost? in Ian Bremmer & Ray Taras (Ed. ), forward-looking States, New Politics Building the Post-Soviet Nations, (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 84 George Joffe, Nationalities and Borders in Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus, in John F. R. Wright, Suzanne Goldenberg and Richard Schofield (E d. ), Transcaucasian Boundaries, (London UCL Press, 1996), p. 25 Adil Baguirov Nagorno-Karabakh basis and reality of Soviet-era legal and economic claims used to justify the Armenia-Azerbaijan war Turkish Weekly Journal Nagorno-Karabakh Problem Claims, Counter Claims and Impasse by Guner Ozkan

Malware and Spyware

Malware Malware,short for venomed(or malevolent)software, is software used or created by attackers to disrupt estimator operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private figurer systems. It lavatory appear in the form ofcode,scripts, active content, and other software. Malware is a command term used to refer to a physique of forms of hostile or intrusive software. This malware will operate invisibly, often without displaying itself in your Task Manager. To top it off, malware norm completelyy refuses to be uninstalled through your control panel, and requires special tools to delete them from your drive.Yes, this is a direct cousin to viruses, but with a broader portfolio of wicked intentions. Malware includescomputer viruses,worms,trojan horses,spyware,adware, and other leering programs. However, some malware is disguised as genuine software, and may coiffure from an official company website. Malware is often used against individuals to gain personal informati on such as social security numbers, curse or credit card numbers, and so on. Left unguarded, personal andnetworkedcomputers chiffonier be at considerable risk against these threats.Various factors feed a system more vulnerable to malware * Homogeneity e. g. when all computers in anetworkrun the same operating system upon exploiting one, one can exploit them all. * Weight of numbers simply because the vast majority of existing malware is written to attack Windows systems, then Windows systems are more vulnerable to succumbing to malware attacks. * Defects malware using defects in the operating system design. * Unconfirmedcode code from afloppy disk,CD-ROMorUSBdevice may beexecutedwithout the users permission. Over-privilegedusers some systems allow all users to modify their internal structures. * Over-privilegedcode some systems allow codeexecutedby a user to access all rights of that user. * Malwares affect networks easily because of the use of same OS. What does malware do? The most common malware functions are 1. Malware steals your personal information and address book (identity theft and keystroke-logging). 2. Malware floods your browser with pop-up advertise. 3. Malware spams your inbox with advertising email. 4. Malware slows down your connection. 5.Malware hijacks your browser and redirects you to an advertising or a phishing-con web scalawag. 6. Malware uses your computer as a secret server to broadcast pornography files. 7. Malware slows down or crashes your computer. Spyware Spywareis a type ofmalware(malicious software) installed oncomputersthat collects information about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user and can be difficult to detect. nigh spyware, such askeyloggers, may be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, orpublic computerintentionally in order to monitor users.While the termspywaresuggests software that monitors a users computing, the functions of spyware can extend beyon d simple monitoring. Spyware can collect almost any type of data, includingpersonal informationlikeInternet surfinghabits, user logins, and bank or credit account information. Most spyware is installed without users knowledge, or by using deceptive tactics. Spyware may try to deceive users by bundling itself with desirable software. Some spyware authors infect a system through security holes in the Web browser or in other software.When the user navigates to a Web page controlled by the spyware author, the page contains code which attacks the browser and forces the download and installation of spyware. Spyware also has the same effects as malware has. How to protect your computer from spyware and malware? Here is the checklist for detecting and destroying malware * butt in two or three differentanti-spyware programs(spyware cleaners) on your computer, and update their definition lists regularly. Because every anti-spyware cleaner is imperfect, it is necessary to use combinations of these programs to catch the greatest extensiveness of malware.Also, the anti-spyware manufacturers regularly add new entries to their definition lists, just like anti-virus software. Make sure to keep your spyware cleaners updated with these lists * Avoiding and destroying malware/spyware is not instant, and it is not a one-time event. Instead, stopping spyware/malware is a long-term game that is exactly like cleaning dirt out of your home. You need constant vigilance, and a regular habit of cleaning malware out of your computer every week. Build a weekly habit of scan and detect. This should also be done whenever you install new software.Many anti-spyware programs can be unsex to automatically perform scan-and-detect nightly. * Carefully read every EULA (end user license agreement) before clicking accept. If you see the phrase 3rd-party software may be installed, get up sure to fall the software install with a spyware cleaning. * Educate yourself on the latest strains of malwar e. In particular, start visiting these recommended anti-spyware sites, and update yourself on the latest malicious programs. * Egs of antimalware programs * Antivirus/Antispyware at About * Network Security at About PestPatrol. com database * Spywareguide. com * SpywareWarrior. com * SurferBeware. com * Cexx. org * Save your data, and backup often. Below are 5 easy steps you can follow to try to avoid and, if not avoid, at least detect and remove these programs from your computer system * Be Careful Where You Download Unscrupulous programs often come from unscrupulous sites. If you are looking for a freeware or shareware program for a specific purpose try searching reputable sites * Read the EULA Eula is End exploiter License Agreement.The EULA is a legal agreement you are making with the software vendor. Without reading it you may be unwittingly agreeing to install spyware or a variety of other questionable actions that may not be worth it to you. Sometimes the better answer is No , I do not accept. * Read the instructions carefully before you click. * Protect Your System through Antivirus softwares. * Scan Your System through antivirus antivirus softwares, firewalls and other protective measures.

Extracurricular activity Essay

My freshman stratum of high school was scary. Two stir middles schools coming to let downher to make one freshman class did not seem handle the beat idea, the classes were harder, and the stress levels were higher. In eighth grade I was so excited to be in high school, but once I got there I could not wait for that year to be over. then(prenominal) I realized I still had three much long school years ahead of me.Dont grasp me wrong, I had pot of fun times freshman year. I met so many new people and made a lot of new friends. The majority of my friends then argon still my friends now. But I was ready to grow up. I think every teenager thinks want this at one point or throughout every year of high school. Most teenagers are ready to move from home and start a new and more independent life in college during most years of high school. I know that I thought this way for quite sometime. I thought that life in college would be a million times more eventful than life in high school.S ophomore and junior year were also similar to freshman year. Friendships became stronger, classes were continuing to get more difficult, and even though I involved myself more in extracurricular activities, I was ready to get out of town and start college more than ever. I had picked out my dream school and already had so many plans for my freshman year of college. But instead of time speeding up like I wished it would, it felt like it was slowing down.Summer going into senior year I began getting bored with the town and I felt like I was always saying there is nothing to do here. I thought I needed more adventure and was becoming tired of tho going through the motions. Although I felt like that then, a few weeks into senior year my mindset had completely changed.Even though senior year has been the toughest year yet, my class has created a culture. There is so many things that define us as a class and set us apart from everyone else. From traditions started at football games, to the things that we do as a group, we suck created our own culture and identity. I have realized that even though I have valued the past three years to fly by, all I want is for this year to slow down.My friends and I have all created extremely close bonds and we have become almost like a family. I feel like throughout the past three years I have bearn a lot of things for granted and have not really appreciated all the memories I have had that came from good experiences. I have learned not to take any special moments for granted because I could look back on these days and remember all of the good times and how much I enjoyed my senior year.At times I regret wanting to grow up so fast because I know now that these are some of the best times of my life and I wish I would have appreciated them before. Although I do regret that, Im thankful I get to spend this year with every single one of my closest friends. I still have a long time to make memories, but as the saying goes, time flie s when youre having fun.

Intro †chief guest Essay

It is indeed an honor and privilege for me to introduce to you our Guest of Honor. He brings in the vigor and idealism of youth which we believe are essential to infuse new ideas and transparency in every aspect of life . His experience and credentials is just frightful He has a doctorate in (Economics), from the prestigious Harvard University under Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets, and has held various positions too . To mention a few he *was an assistant/ touch base professor at Harvard university. *Faculty Summer School, Harvard University .* Visiting Scholar and Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University.When he was associate professor, he was invited by Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen for a readers chair on Chinese studies at Delhi School of Economics. Thereafter he became the *Visiting Professor of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of DelhiLater ,he became the Professor of Economics, Indian Institute of Technology,Delhi He has been the backbone for the Indi an Government serving at various Positions Assistant Economics Affairs Officer, United Nations Secretariat, modern York. * Member of Parliament* Member, Board of Governors, Indian Institute ofTechnology, Delhi* Member, Control of Capital Issues Committee,Ministry of Finance.* Member, Court of Benares Hindu University (1974)and Santiniketan (1982-84).* Member, Council of IITs, Govt. of India*Cabinet Minister of Commerce, Law and Justice,1990-91.* Chairman Commission of Labour Standards and International Trade,Government of India.He is Currently the death chair of Janata Party .*Chairman, Centre for National Renaissance,New Delhi*Chairman, Board of Governors , School ofCommunications and Management Sciences (SCMS) , kerala.He has authored many Books among which* Economic Planning in India An Alternative uprise* Economic Growth of China and India,* Building a New India An Agenda for Renaissance,* Indias Labour Standards and the WTO Framework.* The Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi U nansweredQuestions and Unasked Queries* South Asia in the New Millennium* Indias China Perspective*Economic Reforms and Performance in China and India* Hindus Under Siege The Way Out*Rama Setu Symbol of National symmetry*Terrorism in India A Strategy of Deterrence* Corruption and Corporate Governance in India Satyam, Spectrum, Sundaram * The Foundations of Index Number Theory. Have been very successful.He has as well as published several articles and research paper some of which are Can India make it? Indias path to sustained growth , Economic growth and income dispersal in a developing nation , Nuclear policy for India, Plan for full employment.He brings to us not only his invaluable experience and faculty member training but a lineage of brave , innovative , and forward looking forebears.

Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina Uninsured Population

The Afford adequate attending Act (ACA) is in vigor since January 1, 2014, and hospitals and health address providers are not sure about how numerous people go forth knock at their door for health help. So far, according to Camp (2014) More than two million people across the country make sign up for health dish out under the ACA and hospitals are bracing for a wave of naturally insured patients. How does that affect the uninsured people in newton Carolina is an unreciprocated unbelief. Seventeen percent of North Carolinas residents are uninsured, according to Kaiser Foundation (2012).Health sustenance reform brings controversial and uneasy ethic issues to the population as well up as to legislators. North Carolina terminate opt to expand Medicaid coverage to all individuals that have a household income less than 138% of the federal poverty level, but the question in the air is how NC exit make it happen?. Financial Impact of ACA on North Carolina North Carolina has o ne of the elevatedest index of the uninsured population when compared to States at the same size, 17% accruing to 1,604,300 residents.Michigan has 12 percent New Jersey has 15 percent Virginia has 13 percent, according to Kaiser Foundation (2012). Milstead (2013) assures Based on the Affordable Care Act, beginning in 2014 adults after part qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level ($30,429 for a family of four in 2010). Besides of what the ACA says to each one State has its own policies for Medicaid eligibility, cosmos it a joint initiative between State and Federal funds.According to Ameri tail end College of Physicians (2013) Unfortunately, the state has chosen not to expand its course at this time. The Urban constitute estimates that about 632,000 uninsured North Carolinians with incomes under atomic number 6% FPL would be denied coverage if North Carolina chooses not to expand its Medicaid course of instruction. reg ulator McCrory is committed to envigo count the Health Care program in his calculate delivance for 2013-2015 in North Carolina (NC,) and assures that $575M will be added to Medicaid budget, $7.2M will be given for Drug interference Courts, and $30M to open a new psychiatrical hospital, all to be delivered in two fiscal years period (Newsroom, 2013).Overall NCs State economy seems to be picking up with an underemployment rate dropping from 17 percent in October 2011-2012, to 14. 9 percent from October 2012-2013 (Robesonian News, 2013). In addition, Murawsk (2013) assures the economy is indisputably building up steam and pitiful in a counsel we havent seen in years. With NC State biannual budget investing $612.2 M in three grave areas of health criminal maintenance and the ordinary economy steaming up it seems that more of NC uninsured community will be able to have an employer sponsored health care insurance, or be able to afford health insurance in the marketplace. It looks l ike a promising situation, that will surely help to banish the touching of unfunded mandates, but if 100 percent of NC uninsured population will get what ACA proposes is something to be checked in the future.Ethics and Quality of Health CareA citation of Frederick Douglass manner of speaking for the Civil Rights in October 1883 comes in hand he said Only base men and oppressors can rejoice in a triumph of unfairness over the anemic and defenceless, for weakness ought itself to protect from assaults of pride, prejudice and power. As health care reform proceeds to its death penalty around the country many issues come to our sense such, are there enough resources to attend everyone or we will have an incoming chaos? Will American society in conclusion have an evenly health care transcription distribution?How are 32 million new health care systems users live into an already lacking(predicate) system? Will there be enough nurses and doctors to deliver the quality of care that everyone is entitled? Is it a fair system for the society, is everyone get what is deserved? legion(predicate) people would like to speak up what they think about health care What do Americans want from their health care system? Four primal goals have shaped our system. First, we want high quality health care that can provide the greatest benefits.Second, we want freedom of filling so that we can decide the who, when, and where for our health care. Third, we expect our health care to be affordable so that we have resources for all of the other things we need or want. Fourth, we want our faller citizens to share in the costs and also benefits of health care (Sorrell, 2012). At one hand Franklin Roosevelt (1944) in the Second Bill of Rights mentions the rightfulness to adequate medical exam care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health.At the second hand who is paing for the good health care that everyone wants? Health care providers would they be nurses or doctors have their part to do in the delivery of quality health care, but a health care system that makes nicety to everyone depends on the firm society. I believe adopting a modern system of nationwide assessment and intervention such Population Health Model (Kovner & Knickman, 2011,) would have a high impact on the financial and workforce redistribution, a great tool that can bring results using the integration model.Summary ACAs implementation has started and hospitals and health care providers are ready to receive new customers. North Carolinas steaming up general economy and governments budget can greatly help the population to get the health care they need. The right to health care comes to play when talking about health care reform, and we wonder if the new system will deliver the quality of care it proposes. Adopting Population Health Model for health assessment and intervention can be a answer for the health care issues in the U. S..Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolin a Uninsured PopulationThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is in vigor since January 1, 2014, and hospitals and health care providers are not sure about how many people will knock at their door for health care. So far, according to Camp (2014) More than two million people across the country have signed up for healthcare under the ACA and hospitals are bracing for a wave of newly insured patients. How does that affect the uninsured people in North Carolina is an unanswered question. Seventeen percent of North Carolinas residents are uninsured, according to Kaiser Foundation (2012).Health Care reform brings controversial and uneasy ethic issues to the population as well as to legislators. North Carolina can opt to expand Medicaid coverage to all individuals that have a household income less than 138% of the federal poverty level, but the question in the air is how NC will make it happen?. Financial Impact of ACA on North Carolina North Carolina has one of the highest index of the uninsured p opulation when compared to States at the same size, 17% accruing to 1,604,300 residents.Michigan has 12 percent New Jersey has 15 percent Virginia has 13 percent, according to Kaiser Foundation (2012). Milstead (2013) assures Based on the Affordable Care Act, beginning in 2014 adults can qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level ($30,429 for a family of four in 2010). Besides of what the ACA says each State has its own policies for Medicaid eligibility, being it a joint initiative between State and Federal funds.According to American College of Physicians (2013) Unfortunately, the state has chosen not to expand its program at this time. The Urban Institute estimates that about 632,000 uninsured North Carolinians with incomes under 100% FPL would be denied coverage if North Carolina chooses not to expand its Medicaid program.Governor McCrory is committed to envigorate the Health Care program in his budget delivance for 2013-2015 in North Carolina (NC,) and assures that $575M will be added to Medicaid budget, $7.2M will be given for Drug Treatment Courts, and $30M to open a new psychiatric hospital, all to be delivered in two fiscal years period (Newsroom, 2013). Overall NCs State economy seems to be picking up with an underemployment rate dropping from 17 percent in October 2011-2012, to 14. 9 percent from October 2012-2013 (Robesonian News, 2013). In addition, Murawsk (2013) assures the economy is indisputably building up steam and moving in a direction we havent seen in years.With NC State biannual budget investing $612.2 M in three important areas of health care and the general economy steaming up it seems that more of NC uninsured community will be able to have an employer sponsored health care insurance, or be able to afford health insurance in the marketplace. It looks like a promising situation, that will surely help to banish the ghost of unfunded mandates, but if 100 percent of NC uninsured popula tion will get what ACA proposes is something to be checked in the future. Ethics and Quality of Health CareA citation of Frederick Douglass delivery for the Civil Rights in October 1883 comes in hand he said Only base men and oppressors can rejoice in a triumph of injustice over the weak and defenceless, for weakness ought itself to protect from assaults of pride, prejudice and power. As health care reform proceeds to its implementation around the country many issues come to our mind such, are there enough resources to attend everyone or we will have an incoming chaos? Will American society finally have an equally health care system distribution?How are 32 million new health care systems users fit into an already deficient system? Will there be enough nurses and doctors to deliver the quality of care that everyone is entitled? Is it a fair system for the society, is everyone getting what is deserved? Many people would like to speak up what they think about health care What do Americ ans want from their health care system? Four fundamental goals have shaped our system. First, we want high quality health care that can provide the greatest benefits.Second, we want freedom of choice so that we can decide the who, when, and where for our health care. Third, we expect our health care to be affordable so that we have resources for all of the other things we need or want. Fourth, we want our fellow citizens to share in the costs and also benefits of health care (Sorrell, 2012). At one hand Franklin Roosevelt (1944) in the Second Bill of Rights mentions the right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health.At the second hand who is paing for the good health care that everyone wants? Health care providers would they be nurses or doctors have their part to do in the delivery of quality health care, but a health care system that makes justice to everyone depends on the whole society. I believe adopting a modern system of nationwide assessm ent and intervention such Population Health Model (Kovner & Knickman, 2011,) would have a high impact on the financial and workforce redistribution, a great tool that can bring results using the integration model.Summary ACAs implementation has started and hospitals and health care providers are ready to receive new customers. North Carolinas steaming up general economy and governments budget can greatly help the population to get the health care they need. The right to health care comes to play when talking about health care reform, and we wonder if the new system will deliver the quality of care it proposes. Adopting Population Health Model for health assessment and intervention can be a solution for the health care issues in the U. S.

The Negative Consequences of Deforestation

Earth without forests is a picture that just about of human-kind presently could not conceive. Forests cover much of the planets land ara. They are extremely main(prenominal) to humans and the natural world. However, deforestation has been consuming our forests. Deforestation brings about a lot of unexpected effects on the earth and results in many interdict consequences. If the authentic rate of deforestation continues, the worlds rain forests will vanish within 100 years-causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet, according to NASAs Earth Observatory.Deforestation increases the greenho expenditure effect and accelerates global warming. It besides causes erosion, and the silting of lakes or rivers is caused by kingdom erosion. The same source claims that deforestation is very hard to be stopped because the causes of deforestation are very complex. There are several reasons why this current trend exists. Deforestation occurs in many ways. People destroy or degrade forests because, for them, the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. Underlying causes include such issues as poverty, unequalized land ownership, womens status, education and the explosive growth of the population.Immediate causes are often concerned with a search for land and resources, including both commercial lumber and fuelwood. One of the main indirect causes of deforestation is poverty, particularly poverty in rural areas. Although poverty is not a principal cause of deforestation, it is a donjon condition that the majority of people in this world must endure. While greed and power nooky be the motivations of some groups in society that deforest, selection and the desire to escape from poverty is what agitates most people.Poverty is not only the socioeconomic environment that limits peoples economic options, damages health precisely also reduces income generating opportunities. It is an underlying condition t hat facilitates deforestation. There is some evidence from the industrialized countries of the North that suggests as societies become more economically secure they reach a point where the economic development pressures that drive deforestation are replaced by a growing environmental concern and a greater appreciation of environmental values.However, for most developing countries that point is off in the far distant future. Most tropical countries are very poor by U. S standards, and farming is a basic way of life for a large part of the population. According to NASAs article, in Brazil, for example, the average annual earnings per mortal is U. S. $5400, compared to $26,980 per person is the United States (World Bank, 1998), and in Bolivia, which holds part of the Amazon rain forest, the average earnings per person is $800. The rural poor have very few options.There are few prospects of off-farm employment in either the urban centers or the rural areas. Illiteracy further limits t he options of many because they do not have the basic tools essential to pursue other economic alternatives to subsistence farming. With few alternatives available to them, the rural poor consider forests as a short-term solution to their economic problems. Deforestation happens as a result of poverty. More important than that, commercial logging is considered as the major direct cause of deforestation.NASAs Earth Observatory asserts that logging can occur selectively-where only the economically valuable species are cut or by clearcutting, where all the trees are cut. The forces of large global markets for wood and wood products drive the scale of logging activities. Logging in the tropics does not in any way resemble scientific forestry and is often characterized by a cut-and-get-out brainpower in logging companies. Forestry uses science and management skills to manipulate the natural vegetation to favor the long term production of a selected number of goods and services.In cont rast, most tropical logging involves the short term exploitation of only industrial wood products with no eye to the future of the forests. The intensity of logging in Asias forests is much higher than in the forests found in America or Europe. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates About half the land area of conspiracy America and Europe is covered by forest, but only one-sixth of Asias land is forested. And a study in Indonesia found that when only 3% of the trees were cut, a logging operation damaged 49% of the trees in the forest, as the article from NASA has noted.In addition, at the national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects, to relent international debt, or to develop industry. The logging companies seek to harvest the forest and make profit from the sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods such as mahogany. They use heavy machinery, such as bulldozers, road graders, and log skidders, to remove cut trees and build roads, wh ich is just as damaging to a forest overall as the chainsaws are to the individual trees, according to the same source from NASA. Logging is done because of profits.Not only individual lumberjacks but also logging companies seek genuine advantage. Therefore, any country that does not have a suitable forest management will gain a higher level of deforestation by commercial logging. As we have seen, the causes of deforestation are very complex. Knowing the main indirect and direct causes help us improve our understanding of the causes and also the effects of climatic and environmental change, so that we may become more effective and efficient managers of our natural resources, as well as mitigate say-so impacts from natural disasters.

Safe Drinking Water

Issue dear imbibing piss When look alot of the big issues at heart todays environment I took great interest in unafraid beverage urine. There is not that much of safe potable pee to efficiently hydrate every single person on the planet. Alot of trine worldly concern countries, specially deep down Africa and Asia, boast issues with their own peeing supplies being safe to drink. Now if there is safe sufficiency piddle, they may not be readily available or within a close orbital cavity to where people be living. One of the reasons why safe drinking water is such a eminent concern has to deal with the pollution in the water and what the pollution causes.Research done by m all organizations, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS), have free-base out that over 75 percent of all diseases in developing countries arise from polluted drinking water. How and what are more or less of th e solutions that are going to be taken into action? Many Organizations have taken the steps to working towards a solution and some even have already initiated their solutions. Some of the Organizations that have focused on the issues are Global Water, EPA, TWAS, The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), and Operation Safe Drinking Water.To split off, I am going to introduce to you Global Water. Global Water is an international, non-profit, humanitarian organization. This organization was founded in 1982 and their primary focus started with creating safe water supplies, sanitation facilities, and hygiene-related facilities for arcadian villagers in developing countries. This volunteer-based organization has kind of a few successful projects utilizing water and sanitation as a tool to create sustainable socioeconomic development in the poor agrestic villages. The organization became reasonably successful base on their Technology Push program.This program consisted of low- mai n(prenominal)tenance, state of the art, water equipment that would be used in the water, sanitation, and hygiene-related facilities. not unaccompanied were these devices low-maintenance, volunteer groups would reach out to the villagers and teach them how to use and maintain the devices. With this equipment the villages were able to access, purity, and distribute new sources of safe water. The water projects of Global Water have an immediate life-changing impact on the families of the villages. This Organization has been around for 25 years and has brought over 1. billion people safe drinking water and 769 million people sanitation facilities. This organization wasnt always successful. The problems they had were not that many. The main issue was the size of the volunteer teams and the time and donations given. The speed of the answer to reach such a number that they have today had taken over 2 decades to complete. Not nearly as fast as they wanted to do. If they were able to get l arger teams and obtain more money, they could have saved more lives and put down for facilities for more poor communities. Next is the EPA.EPA, also cognize as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, passed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1974. The SDWA is the main federal law that come acrosss the quality of Americans drinking water. Under this law, the EPA sets standards for drinking water quality and oversees the state water suppliers who implement those standards. This policy was set in 1974 to ensure Americans receive high quality drinking water every day from a public water system. The reason mainly for the policy set was to ensure the safety of the Americans health.There are over 160,000 public water systems, not including private systems, that translate the drinking water to almost all living Americans. There are a number of threats to drinking water in America due to the number of improperly disposed chemicals, animal wastes, pesticides, human wastes, a nd even wastes that have been injected doubtful underground. This policy controls any treatment use, chemical contaminants, underground injection control, and monitoring programs for all public water systems as advantageously as some private water systems.Unfortunately this does not include some well water systems that very few individuals have. Now passing this policy was not cheap. It has been estimated over a 5 billion dollars has already been spent since 2003 on the SDWA. The US EPA has taken a infrastructure survey, released in 2001, estimating that drinking water systems will need to invest about 150 billion over a 20-year level to ensure the continued development, storage, treatment, and distribution of safe drinking water. When the estimate was set down, many did agree that it was a conservative low estimate. Now we are coming to TWAS.TWAS stands for Third World Academy of Sciences. TWAS is an international free scientific organization dedicated to promoting scientific c apa urban center and excellence for sustainable development. TWAS was founded in Italy, 1983. Since 1986, TWAS has supported scientific research in over 100 countries through a variety of programs with more than 2000 eminent scientists world-wide. What the scientists of TWAS were looking into different ways of using and recycling water that we already have. Now what they discovered is not the deprivation of freshwater in rural areas, but the access to the fresh water.From there research, 77 percent of city and towns people have access to save drinking water, but only 17 percent of rural inhabitants have access in the Congo. Now this varies from one country to another, but all similar percentages for rural communities are still quite low. There were many solutions that had come about from TWAS, but some of the honest ones were for example, Pipeline water supplies. What I mean by that is innovative micro level method actings to capture and proceeds rainwater on rooftops, soak pits, and village ponds.Not only did this ease the water-shortage problems, but it was an efficient starting method to obtaining water and used water treatment pills to make the water safe to drink. Next is UNICEF. UNICEF stands for The United Nations Childrens Fund. UNICEF whole kit and caboodle in over 190 countries to save and improve childrens lives by providing clean water and sanitation, nutrition, education, health care, and essential relief. UNICEF works towards the day when zero children die from preventable causes and every child has a safe and lusty childhood.One of the solutions for safe drinking water that UNICEF has provided are simple plastic buckets and inexpensive water civilisation tablets that provide safe drinking water. Now this is just a temporary method versus some of the permanent ones. Alot of the challenges that were being faced for the UNICEF was mainly ways to build dams and other facilities on the rivers in remote communities. Unfortunately the insuffici ency funding came into play. The goal of UNICEF is to deliver over 15000 water buckets by this year and hoping to build water purification facilities in the remote communities.Last but not least, Operation Safe Drinking Water. Operation Safe Drinking Water is a small charity that has been working to install rain-catchment systems for school systems in south and telephone exchange America. This is probably the least effective system without purification. But the main goal for the charity was to prevent the communities and especially the young students to stop drinking the polluted waters of streams or contaminated wells. Not only did the nausea drop over 50% for absent rates, fewer students have gotten sick or missed any classes.This is a newer all-volunteer group that has successfully helped over 50 schools with 500 or more students attending. This method is pretty effective only for preventing the drinking from the polluted streams and wells, but there is no purification system w ithin the tanks that are provided. In conclusion, safe drinking water is probably one of the most important things within a humans life. It is a necessity. Without water, we cannot live. A human being can survive 3 days without water. Without safe water, a human being might only survive 3 days with some of the water sources that are only available to some.With the progression of the different Organizations around the world, more and more areas are being either treated or in the process to being treated so that third world countries as well as even first rate countries have safe drinking water. Organizations today estimate that within the next 30 years, we could have over 60% of the third world countries converted to safe, treated, drinking water. References Bass, J. (n. d. ). The Solution. Operation Safe Drinking Water. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from operationsafedrinkingwater. org/the-solution Kuepper, T. (n. d. ). Water Shortage, Drinking Water Crisis Solutions.Water Shortage, Drinking Water Crisis Solutions. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//www. globalwater. org/ Nybo, T. (n. d. ). Simple solutions to provide safe drinking water to remote communities in Haiti News from the Field Media touch U. S. Fund for UNICEF UNICEF USA. Help Children Humanitarian Aid & Emergency Relief U. S. Fund for UNICEF UNICEF USA. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//www. unicefusa. org/news/news-from-the-field/simple-solutions-help-provide-water-in-remote-areas-in-haiti. html Rao, C. (n. d. ). Safe Drinking Water a TWAS Portal. Welcome to TWAS a TWAS Portal. Retrieved November 14,

Boys vs. Girls

Commonsense beliefs about boys and girls ar not arbitrary. According to genus Sagittarius and Lloyd (2002), they be associated with coherent ways of understanding the world in which we live, which for many centuries wipe out been presented to each win generation in the form of religious truths. The following little experiment demonstrates one situation where girls feel outdone boys. Three boys and three girls were asked to kneel on the floor with their legs together by their high school teacher.All of them were consecrate to bend forward and put their elbows up against their knees. Lipstick containers were placed upright at the end of the six young peoples fingers. Then, they were made to kneel up straight with their legs still together, with hands clasped commode their backs above their waists. They were then told to keep their arms and legs in their position while leaning forward, knock the lipstick container over their noses and return to the kneeling-up position. The obs ervation was that girls can do it while boys cant.The reason that this happened is because girls tend to have more body weight in the lower half of their bodies than boys do so they can eternal sleep wear out. But this little story/experiment does not prove that girls are improve than boys. There are just some things that girls perform break away than boys, AND vice versa. For instance, boys are observe to do significantly better than girls at mathematics, and understand relationships in the physical world better than the opposite sex (Archer and Lloyd, 2002).Conversely, girls are better at processing language than boys, which goes a long way toward explaining why girls overall have better communication than their gender counterparts. All of these examples and the experiment stated above just means that girls and boys are different. dissimilitudes do not imply an order of rank. Oranges and apples are different, but that doesnt mean oranges are better than apples. Ovaries and t esticles are different, but that doesnt mean that one is better than the other. WORK CITED Archer, J. & Lloyd, B. (2002). Sex and Gender. (2nd Ed. ). New York Cambridge University Press.Boys vs. GirlsBoys and Girls had always been sensed to be greatly different from each other. It has been stereotypically observed that when the determine shouted, Its a baby boy, the nurse give wrap him most a blue cloth while on the other hand when the doctor declares, Its a baby girl, a pink cloth will then be wrapped around her. But aside from the usual determining colors associated with boys and girls, what other factors set both genders apart and make them distinct? According to Armin Brott, baby boys are slightly heavier and longer than girls at birth.This is why many first-time mothers guide longer labor hours and it ultimately leads to higher birth trauma resulting to more irritable actions among the boys than the girls (Brott, 2008). He in addition adds that boys are more inclined in a more energetic and rough games as compared to the girls who standardised to pretend and mimic (Brott, 2008). In accordance to this perception, Leonard Sax, a doctor and a psychologist asserts that boys and girls differ in their experience of the surroundings and environment.In studying the outlook of the girls, he showed an soma with a girl, a dress, a pet, the sun, flowers, rainbow and all those colors, which has been the equal(p) kind of drawing girls all over the world has drawn (Selliot, 2008). On the other hand, he presented an image of bloody red battle scenes, gray rocket ships and black speeding vehicles, all of which are the same content of a boys painting (Selliot, 2008). Furthermore, Brott observed that the girls take in greater sensory than boys wherein they can relish more, and tend to exhibit a greater need to be touched.There are actually more differences associated to the devil genders. However, it is really difficult to identify who is greater or more superi or than the other because as observed in the above comparison, both have their own unique personalities and inclinations which help develop their skills and perception in the things around them. It is therefore important to appreciate the characteristics and traits that set the boys apart from the girls and vice-versa and what makes them special in their own ways. References Brott, A. (2008). The Difference Between Boys and Girls. Retrieved May 20, 2008 from ht

NUMMI Analysis Essay

The goal of this executive summary is to identify the problems, the major causes, solutions and methods of writ of execution for the virgin United Motor Manufacturing Inc. better known as NUMMI. NUMMI though specializes in vehicle manufacturing, was having bickering producing sm in all vehicles. NUMMI work major power also had a horrible reputation. NUMMI would like to successfully reinvent its organization gloss and produce higher(prenominal) quality vehicles. NUMMI solution is to adopt a new production and wariness systems. To fold this report, we depart justify why adopting new production and management system will benefit NUMMI and protagonist diverseness its organizational socialization. Problem IdentificationIn1983 the New United Motor Manufacturing Inc., Toyota and GM joint endanger experiment in a unlikely collaboration to bring a new fleet of paying small cars to the United States. This partnership took address in Fremont, California in a manufacturing kit an d caboodle base called NUMMI. GM purpose was to deal how to pull small profitable vehicles and learn Toyota production and way System. Toyota objective on the other pass off treasured to simply begin producing vehicles in the United States. GM already had the infrastructure in place that Toyota needed this lead to their partnership.The men at the original GM Fremont factory was well-known to be the worst in producing low quality vehicles in the GM ecosystem. The work force in those days had a horrible reputation, frequently going out on strike (sometimes unsound strikes), filing grievance after grievance and even sabotaging quality.(Shook 2010) The objective of NUMMI was to devise a plan to wait on reposition the elaboration of the organization. NUMMI would measure at that place outcomes by successfully reinventing there organization close and producing high quality vehicles. This level of achievement allowed NUMMI to go from being GMs worst factory to afterward becom ing one of its best. NUMMI employees where empowered to be accountable for their selves and build quality vehicles. What changed the culture was giving employees the room by which they could successfully do their jobs. It was communicating clearly to employees what their jobs were and providing the planning and tools toenable them to per kind those jobs successfully. (Shook 2010)GM Fremont plant manpower was once considered one of the familiaritys worst production facilities. At the time, the plant workforce was producing some of the worst quality vehicles for GM there level of absenteeism regularly ran over 20%, employees would habitually go on strike and sometime known to sabotaging quality. Without changing employees the once dysfunctional manufacturing plant was alter into a model facility with a new company culture. By adopting Toyotas production and management system, NUMMI overcame the legion(predicate) obstacles that once prevented its ability to achieve the objective s above.Causes of the ProblemAs utter before, GM Fremont factory in 1983 was producing extremely low quality vehicles. To try and correct this problem, GM entered a joint venture with Toyota. Toyota confront many challenges partnering with GM. To begin GM didnt know how to make small profitable vehicles. GM attempts to bring forth small size vehicles ultimately failed thus why reaching out to Toyota. GM also wanted to reinvent its work force production and management systems. This joint venture would allow GM to learn how to make quality small profitable vehicles and much importantly learn Toyotas production and Management System.GM Fremont was well known for having an unsatisfactory workforce. The employees had a terrible company-employee relationship culture and reputation. Employees were known to habitually go on strike, filing grievances were common, and there were employees to go as far as sabotaging quality. Toyota had many concerns about transplanting perhaps the close im portant aspect of its production system its way of cultivating employee involvement into a piece of work as poor as Fremont. Toyota wondered how workers with such a bad reputation could support it in expression in quality. How would they support the concept and practice of teamwork? (Shook 2010) The work force culture obviously was non a positive one. Employees had an unfavorable outlook of the employers. Company -employee relationship moralewas low thus affecting the companys culture. GM Fremont facility was failing, due to the plant lack of company-employee relationship culture, production inefficiency and management systems. achievable SolutionsChanging NUMMI company-employee culture was no easy task. Shook stated it best, the way to change culture is not to first change how people think, but instead to start by changing how people stick out what they do. Those of us trying to change our organizations culture need to define the things we want to do, the ways we want to sta nd and want each other to behave, to deliver training and then to do what is needed to reinforce those behaviors. The culture will change as a result. NUMMI empowered its employees to catch out and solve workaday problems and make warrant improvements as they see fit. By doing so NUMMI provided its workforce the necessary means to successfully do their jobs. In the article The Stop the Line System was the primary example of this. Stop the delimit enabled employees with the obligation to return the assembly line if and when there was a problem.This in turn tranquilize employees that the company pass judgment their opinions and institutionalise them enough to make pertinent decisions. Managers have the responsibility to create a proper climate in which employees can develop to their fullest potential. Failure to provide such a climate would theatrically increase employee frustration and could result in poorer performance, lower job satisfaction, and increased withdrawal from the organization. (Steers and Porter 1983) What changed the culture at NUMMI wasnt an abstract notion of employee involvement or a learning organization or even culture at all. What changed the culture was giving employees the means by which they could successfully do their jobs. It was communicating clearly to employees what their jobs were and providing the training and tools to enable them to perform those jobs successfully. (Shook 2010)Secondly, NUMMI provided its work force with a since of membership. Employees desired commitment from their employers. NUMMI did not guarantee c arer time handicraft, no employer can guarantee that. Instead NUMMI devised a mutualtrust agreement stating that the work thing it wanted to do was lay of its employees. To reassure employees, NUMMI wrote into the contract the commitment that before anyone was laid clear up certain steps would have been taken, including trim hazard plant operating hours and cutting management bonuses.Employee motiv ation comes from assure membership in the organization, rather than from buying and selling time, whatever the price tag. (Shook 2010) To further advance and change the culture of the organization In the hiring process NUMMI allowed certain floor leaders take part in the hiring of their own team members. This in turn gives employees since of responsibility and authority, thus positively changing the culture kinetics of NUMMI company-employee relationship. These are lone(prenominal) some of the reason why Shook suggests how NUMMI culture was changed.Additionally, there are many other possible solutions that can be implemented in order to continue to motivate and change an organization culture. For instance, NUMMI can introduce an employee reward/recognition system. The drive to be rewarded or recognized by ones employer should be ample motivation to sustain employees satisfied. The reward system could be broken down amidst the all-around best and worst performers, reward can be tied to individual performance and provide the lead performing employees with an luck for advancement. A disadvantage to the reward system would be convincing the wide workforce to continuously give 100% even though there may be a gap in skills amongst fellow workers. The challenge therefore for organization is to develop reward system that are perceived to be fair and equitable and distributing the reward in accordance with employees beliefs about their own value to the organization. (Ramlall 2004)Another method to having an amazing company-employee culture is by having a bang-up work environment. Employees want to go to work to in an environment with a friendly setting, productivity, promote teamwork, collaboration, are respectful, and encourages an since of inclusiveness. A organization never wants to be in a situation where an employee feels as if there working in a head-on environment. The consequences of employees perceiving they are not treated fairly can create a variety of options for employees. These options include the employee reducing their input through directly restricting their work output, attempting to increase their output be pursuance salaryincreases, seeking more enjoyable assignments or simply withdrawal from the situation entirely, that is, quit the job and seek employment elsewhere. (Champagne 1989)Lastly, developing jobs positions that are meaningful and challenging where employee roles and duties are clearly defined will help foster a positive organizational culture. For instance, Cirque du Soleil, too, is committed to making jobs challenging and fulfilling. Despite grueling relation and performance schedules, it attracts and retains performers by accommodating their creativity and pushing them to perfect their craft. Its employees also get to say a lot about how performances are staged, and they are allowed to move from show to show to learn new skills. (Nohria, Groysberg, Lee2008)Solutions and instruction executionDue to Toyo ta production and management systems, NUMMI went from being GMs worst plant to GMs best plant in just one twelvemonth. All with the exact same workers, including the old troublemakers. The only thing that changed was the production and management system and, somehow, the culture. (Shook 2010) There is no one specific solution for changing an organizations culture. The closet explanation explaining why NUMMIs culture changed was the adoption of Toyotas production and management system. Toyotas system was more robust and organized compared to GMs system. The workforce embraced Toyotas system because it yielded them more favorable results and allowed employees to finally feel part of the organization.Toyotas system offered NUMMI employees the opportunity to find and solve daily problems and make justified improvements as they see fit. By doing so NUMMI provided its workforce the necessary means to successfully do their jobs. Toyotas system also provided its work force with a since of membership. Employees wanted to be reassured that NUMMI was just as committed to the organization as they were. Other solutions that would keep the work force propel and change origination culture is an employee reward/ recognition system, a good work environment/culture and developing job positions that are challenging and fulfilling. All of these solutions work hand in hand in order to create a well-balanced origination culture.Furthermore, of the five solutions I remember the opportunity for NUMMI employees to find and solve daily problems and make justified improvements would be the most important. By doing so NUMMI provided its workforce the necessary means to successfully do their jobs. The case states Every person in a supervisory capacity, including periodical team leaders, visited Toyota City for two or more weeks of training at the Takaoka plant. The training included farseeing hours of lectures but, most importantly, practical on-the-job training in which they worked alongside their counterparts to learn what was to be their job back in California. At the end of each training tour, we asked the trainees what they would most want to take back with them to Fremont of all they had seen at Toyota.Their answer was invariably the same The ability to focus on solving problems without pointing fingers and looking to place the blame on someone. (Shook 2010) This in turn reassured employees that the company value their opinions and trust them enough to make important decisions. The organization allowing employees to solve problems will benefit the company long term in that it will boost workforce morale, employees dont have to be afraid to solve problems without ramifications and there will be a better form constant communication between employees and managers. Disadvantages for an organization allowing employees to solve problems without managerial supervision can result in damage product, slowdown or stop of assembly line thus resulting in loss of money .Once implemented, the organization needs to ensure that the workforce (including managers) is on panel with the changes in order to move forward. To do this, NUMMI must provide new training through workshops and seminars to all employees. After participating in either the workshop or seminars, Humane Resources should devise a form having all employees sign that form in order to not have any miscommunication down the line. To bear out success, NUMMI should create team building events/demonstration for all employees to constantly remain on the same page. Currently, NUMMI provides its employees with the opportunity to find and solve daily problems and make improvements without fear of anyone pointing fingers. The workforce embraced the system so well that in one years time NUMMI went from being GMs worst plant to GMs best.JustificationChanging an organization culture is no easy task. When GM and Toyota decided to form there joint venture, no one could have predicted that they would become a success in a years time. There was no one specific solution for changing NUMMI organizations culture. The closet explanation explaining why NUMMIs culture changed was the adoption of Toyotas production and management system. Toyota management system benefited the organizational ethnical in that it allowed NUMMI employees the opportunity to find and solve daily problems and make justified improvements. By doing so NUMMI provided its workforce the necessary means to successfully do their jobs. Toyotas system also provided its work force with a since of membership. Employees wanted to be reassured that NUMMI was just as committed to the organization as they were.Other solutions that would keep the work force motivated and change origination culture is an employee reward/ recognition system, a good work environment/culture and developing job positions that are challenging and fulfilling. All of these solutions work hand in hand in order to create a well-balanced origination cul ture. I believe the opportunity for NUMMI employees to find and solve daily problems and make justified improvements is the most important solution. The article stated that of all the solutions being able to solve problems without anyone looking to place blame on someone was the most important organizational culture change. Adopting this organizational cultural change benefitted NUMMI in that the company now is GM best vehicle manufacturing plant.References1. Champagne, P., & McAfee, B. (1989). Motivating strategies for performance and productivity. In A guide to humane resource development. New York Quorum Books.2. Ramlall, S. (2004). Motivation Theories and their Implications for Employee Retention within Organizations. Journal of the American Academy of Business, (5), 52-64.3. Shook, J. (2010). How to Change a Culture Lessons From NUMMI. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(2).4. Steers, R., & Porter, L. (1983). Motivation & Work Behavior. New York McGraw-Hill Book Company.5. Nohria, N., Groysberg, B., & Lee, L. (2008). Employee Motivation A Powerful New Model.Harvard Business Review.